| Page 4 | Civil Society Knowledge Centre

Title	Author(s)	Publishing Date	Summary	Keywords	Dossier
Collective Actions Digest Jordan – September 1, 2018 - August 31, 2021	Rossana Tufaro	October, 2021	Despite the lack of media coverage, Jordanian society is currently witnessing a multitude of pervasive and increasing tensions nested in the shadow of the country’s economic downturn and the austerity policies adopted by the state. This digest provides an overview of the collective actions mapped in Jordan between September 1 2018 and August 31 2021, including general trends, demands, mode of action.	Press Freedom, Repression, Jordan, Collective Action, Socio-Economic	Socio-Economic Rights Base, Conflict Analysis Project
Tunisia’s “Al-Ahyaa Al-Sha’Biya”: Socioeconomic Grievances, Mobilisation, and Repression	Stephanie Daher	October, 2021	This paper will look into the dynamics of police repression and violence against contentious actors during the latest wave of protests in Tunisia. It will argue that there is a continuity between the grievances of the recent protests and those expressed during the 2011 revolution, including corruption, access to socio-economic rights and individual and collective freedoms. The paper will also highlight the role of the youth, particularly those from marginalised neighbourhoods, in leading the protests, positioning them as the main targets of police violence and arbitrary arrests. Finally, it will shed light on the recent police repression and violation of individual freedoms, showing that despite being considered as one of the main achievements of the Tunisian’s revolution, civil liberties remain under threat.	Repression, Police Brutality, collective actions, Social Justice, Socio-Economic, socio-economic demands, Tunisia, Economic & Social Rights	Socio-Economic Rights Base, Conflict Analysis Project
موجز: الإقتصاد السياسي لإدارة أزمة جائحة كوفيد-١٩ في تونس: هل هي أزمة حُكم أم فشلٌ على مستوى المنظومة الصحّية؟	Dr. Belgacem Sabri	September, 2021	يلخّص هذا الموجز إدراة جائحة كوفيد-١٩ في تونس على الصعيدين السياسي والإقتصادي، طارحًا إشكالية ما إذا كانت هذه الأزمة الصحية ناتجة عن أزمة حكم أو فشل على مستوى المنظومة الصحية. وتعمَّق الموجز أيضًا في دور المجتمع المدني التونسي في الدفاع عن الحقّ في الصحّة وعن مكتسبات النظام الصحّي. هذا الموجز كُتب بناءً على مداخلة د. بلقاسم صابري خلال الندوة الإفتراضية "توفير الحقّ في الصحّة للجميع، وتحقيق المساواة في الحصول على اللقاح في الشرق الأوسط وشمال أفريقيا. مقاربة ما بعد الاستعمارية" التي نظمها مركز دعم لبنان في ٢ أيلول/ سبتمبر ٢٠٢١	Tunisia, Political Economy, Health, Covid19, Right To Health	Socio-Economic Rights Base, Conflict Analysis Project
Unpacking the Dynamics of Contentious Mobilisations in Lebanon: Between Continuity and Evolution	Stephanie Daher	August, 2021	This paper will first explore the witnessed recurrent mobilisation cycles since 2019 through the lens of accumulated emerging movements over the last decade. Then, it will highlight the dynamics of collective mobilisations from October 2019 onwards based on the data mappings of collective actions produced by Lebanon Support (Lebanon Support, Mapping of Collective Actions in Lebanon), tracing its own evolution since its start up until today: Are the modes of action adopted by protestors the same since October 17, 2019? Have the advanced causes and grievances evolved? Do we observe any continuity in its decentralised spread and non-sectarian character? The paper will explore the dynamics and characteristics of this social movement such as the main mobilising actors, the modes of action, and the causes and grievances of mobilisations and their evolution across three time-periods from October 2019 until May 2021. The first time-period extends from October 2019 to February 2020, the second starts from the imposed-lockdown measures in March 2020 to October 2020 marking the first-year anniversary of the Uprising, and the third from November 2020 up until May 2021.	Social Movements, Civil Society, October Protests, Civic Space, Lebanon	Conflict Analysis Project
Digest: Solidarity initiatives and CSOs civic & operational space in Lebanon during the lockdown of January-March 2021	Lebanon Support	June, 2021	This digest provides an overview of the main data trends from the 2nd iteration of a mapping on solidarity initiatives in Lebanon following the Beirut’s blast on 4 August 2020. This iteration focuses on the civic space and CSOs operational space in Lebanon during the Covid-19 related lockdown and state of emergency between January and March 2021. Data was collected by Lebanon Support between 23 January to 4 March 2021, based on a survey of 119 civil society organisations and initiatives. The mapping is developed in partnership with the Fondation de France.	Civil Society, Solidarity, Humanitarian Intervention, Civic Space	Civil Society Observatory
المراكز البحثية ودورها في صنع السياسة الخارجية المغربية	Rachid El-Bazzim, Amal El Houasni	April, 2021	نسعى في هذه الدراسة إلى بلورة مقارَبة تأخذ بالمنهج الوظيفي من خلال دراسة وظائف المراكز البحثية وأدوارها في صنع السياسة الخارجية المغربية، إضافة إلى قدرات الوصف والتحليل لمعالجة هذا الموضوع، وذلك انطلاقاً من رصد السياقات التي عرفت نشأة المراكز البحثية المذكورة وتكاثرها، مرتكزين على محاور الاقتصاد السياسي للبحث وتحولات الأبحاث في مجال العلوم الاجتماعية	Research Centers, Think Tanks, Foreign Policy, Knowledge, Scientific Research, Universities	Conflict Analysis Project, Civil Society Observatory
Setting the Agenda towards Gender Equity	Lebanon Support	February, 2020	The 2018 parliamentary elections in Lebanon witnessed the largest participation of women in the country’s history with 86 out 113 female candidates making it on the final electoral lists (Baturini and Halinan 2018, 1-3). Yet, out of the 128 elected candidates, only 6 were women (The Daily Star 2018). More recently, since the October 2019 protests, women have been at the forefront of mobilisations, organising sit-ins, marches, demonstrations, and chanting feminist slogans. The “women’s movement” has been pushing for a plethora of demands such as toppling both the sectarian system and patriarchal system, pushing for comprehensive socio-economic equality, abolishing the kafala system, amending the nationality law, reforming domestic violence laws, unifying the personal status law, among others. Based on extensive participatory research and consultations with actors, as well as a review of the main demands from the current social movement, Lebanon Support has developed the following briefing article on the policy priorities related to gender equity and rights.	Gender, Nationality Law, Gender Based Violence, Civil Marriage, Civil Rights & Liberties, healthcare, Social Protection, Political Participation	Gender Equity Network
Ghassan Halwani and the reclaiming of Lebanon's imaginaries	Joey Ayoub	December, 2019	How is the October 17 Revolution catalysing the reclaiming of imaginaries? In order to answer this question, it is important to understand how the collective memory pertaining to the war's kidnapped and victims of enforced disappearances, has thus far been addressed in Lebanon. The following piece explores this topic through Ghassan Halwani's 2018 film “Erased,___Ascent of the Invisible”.	Missing and Forcibly Disappeared, History, Lebanon's Civil War, Film Review	History of Conflicts and Political Violence
Civil Society in Lebanon: the Implementation Trap	Marie-Noëlle AbiYaghi, Léa Yammine, Amreesha Jagarnathsingh	January, 2019	In Lebanon, civil society has played an important role throughout history^{^[2]} and saw a significant rise during the Chehabist developmentalist era (1958-1964), with the creation of voluntary-run associations that sought to steer away from sectarian identities, while adopting broad development objectives. The Civil War period (1975-1990) witnessed a realignment of the modes of actions towards services and relief efforts. After the Civil War, the civil society sector continued expanding (Kingston, 2008: 1), with civil society organisations bolstering their modes of action to encompass human rights and advocacy efforts. Archives show that an average of 250 organisations was created per year in the early nineties, post civil war era (Karam Karam in Ben Nefissa, 2002: 58). Figures from Daleel Madani^{^[3]}, suggest a peak in NGO creation after each of the – recurring – humanitarian crisis that the country witnesses. Hence, following the Israeli War on Lebanon in 2006 and the conflict in Syria in 2011, the associative sector saw a proliferation of new initiatives, campaigns, and organisations. An average of 50 registration requests to Daleel Madani’s Civil Society Directory are received on a monthly basis.	Civil Society; Lebanon; NGOization; Civil Society Development; NGOs; CSOs; Nonprofit Sector	Civil Society Observatory
Government (non-)formation in contemporary Lebanon: sectarianism, power-sharing, and economic immobilism.	Catherine Batruni, Marcus Hallinan	September, 2018	Four months after the parliamentary elections, the Lebanese state is still without a government. Politicians have been hindering the configuration of a new cabinet in order to maximise their own personal gains. This paper probes the positions of the most prominent political parties in the country, namely the Lebanese Forces, Free Patriotic Movement, Progressive Socialist Party, Lebanese Democratic Party, Future Movement, and Hezbollah, and examines the repercussions of this political vacuum on the economy. We raise the question: why does Lebanon continually find itself in this recurring situation where it is incapable of forming a timely government after elections? We argue that the political structure and sectarian arrangement of the Lebanese government allow such dysfunction to flourish through an absence of accountability measures in the constitution and a prioritizing of sectarian equilibrium as the primary factor in electing a government.	Lebanese Sectarian System, Power Dynamics, Lebanese Politics	Conflict Analysis Project

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