Establishment of the National Social Security Fund (NSSF) – [Law Decree no. 13955/1963]

The enactment of the NSSF law (decree 13955/1963) was inscribed within a larger effort of social pacification and modernization of the state, promoted by the President Fuad Shehab. The enactment of the Law matured against the backdrop of the civil war of 1958, which was related to the uneven distribution of wealth across sects and geographic areas. The NSSF only covers formal private sector employees in a context where informal labor is widely predominant. Moreover, categories of workers excluded from the Labor Code, i.e. agricultural workers, domestic workers, and daily workers employed by public facilities and institutions, are also excluded from accessing the NSSF.